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- 乳房重建時機(立即性) | 安德森整形外科診所
立即性重建 無論是立即性還是延遲性,最重要的是找回自信與美麗! 乳房重建可分為立即性重建及延遲性重建。在多年以前,乳房重建大多只侷限於延遲性重建,原因不外乎擔心立即性的重建會干擾乳癌追加的治療,例如放射線治療及化學治療,也擔心重建的乳房可能使癌症的追蹤有困難。隨著乳房重建的演進與研究,這些問題在今天都有了答案,爭議與擔心也不再,在歐美等先進國家,立即性重建已是乳癌治療的一部份,保險給付,患者認同,立即性重建已經普遍被接受,而這種改變受惠的當然就是患者以及患者家人。 究竟何時才是做乳房重建的最佳時機呢? 這個問題在國外一流的醫學中心已不再有爭論,立即性重建可以使患者得到最好的重建結果(包括心理上的),只要病患條件允許,醫師會主動給病患立即性重建的建議。在乳房切除時配合皮膚保留的方式,以便保留患者較多皮膚的感覺!配合自體組織移植的方法,重建後的乳房便能既自然而持久... DIEP Flap (1) 我適合立即性重建嗎? 做完還會復發嗎? 會干擾治療嗎? 優點: 第一個好處是方便性,因為病患在接受乳房切除時, 當麻醉醒來後,不再感到自己有缺陷,見到的是一個重建後的乳房,而且腫瘤已經切除,而病患也不再因為再次手術的需要,而須經歷再一次的術前準備,多一次的住院,擔心……等過程。對病患的心理衝擊也能降到最低。 在同一次手術完成乳房切除與重建也大大降低了醫療成本,醫療費用的節省來自住院天數的減少與減少重複性術前準備。醫療成本的減少早在1996年德州大學安得森癌症中心(為全美第一大的癌症中心)的統計即已發現,當年乳癌切除後立即性重建所需要花費的費用是一萬九千塊美金,而延遲性重建則是兩萬九千塊美金。 再則,現在的全身麻醉雖已經相當安全,但減少ㄧ次的麻醉最也減低了病患所可能負擔的極低的風險。 患者心理上的恢復則是立即性重建一項無可取代的優勢,在沒有接受立即性的重建下,患者往往會有一段時間,好幾個月甚至好幾年會沒有乳房,在等待重建的過程中,病患必須經歷經過這段痛苦的時期。立即性重建則得以免除患者在這段期間心理上的負擔。根據1982年的統計, 做立即性重建在心理的滿意程度是92%,在延遲性重建是90%,立即性重建的心理滿意程度比延遲性重建稍高,病人也比較不會覺得恐懼,不會害怕有失去乳房的感覺,當年的研究即使現在回頭看仍覺得很有意義。 立即性重建的乳房較容易達到美觀,因為乳房外科醫師會在做全乳切除時將皮膚做保留,使得在重建時較容易達到美觀,尤其是可以保住下乳腺的曲線,重建後的乳房會較真實且美觀,感覺的恢復也較佳。疤痕比較少,其結果都比延遲性重建好。 缺點: 立即性重建一般來說是不會干擾化學治療及放射線治療,但是如果因為病患因素,手術方式的選擇或手術技術不純熟,則可能發生部份皮瓣壞死,或者是傷口癒合不良而延遲化學治療及放射線治療,而這個缺點可以因技術純熟醫師使用自由式皮瓣重建而被克服,因為自由式皮瓣能提供皮瓣較好的血液循環,減少皮瓣部份壞死或傷口癒合不良的機會。 一般人甚至一般外科醫師會關心在進行立即性乳房重建後,是否會影響癌症的復發,關於這個擔心,在德州大學安得森癌症中心做過統計,在早期的乳癌患者,如第一期或第二期的病患,有或沒有進行乳房重建的病患的局部復發率跟全身性轉移率在統計上是沒有意義的。在皮膚保留性乳房切除的比率是6.7%,在一般乳房切除是7%,這兩個在統計學上是沒有差異的,也就是說,做立即性重建及皮膚保留性乳房切除是不會增加乳癌復發的機會,也不會影響萬一乳癌復發時的偵測。 一般來說,乳癌的復發有較高的機會在表淺處,有四分之三是在皮下脂肪,這些皮下脂肪因為可以觸摸得到,每個月的自我檢查或醫師的例行檢查通常可以發現,另有四分之一的復發是在深層,位在肋骨之下或肋膜及肺部,這些復發則必須經由骨骼掃描或電腦斷層才能偵測出來,重建並不影響檢查的準確。 在一些高危險群的病人,如祖母、母親或姐妹有乳癌, 而且自己已經有單側發現有乳癌時,有越來愈多的病患詢問關於預防性乳房切除的可能性,也就是說當進行乳房切除時,除了切除患有癌症的一側外,連正常側的乳房都一起切除,在極嚴謹的評估下,若患者選擇這個手術方式,立即性重建也能提供患者兩側的乳房重建,由腹部拿自由式脂肪移植或自由式橫腹直肌移植進行重建,重建後的乳房仍可以對稱而好看。 什麼時候可以做立即性重建呢? 一般來說,早期的乳癌都可以選擇做立即性重建,也就是說,如果腫瘤在五公分以下,腋下淋巴結術前沒有腫大,都可以選擇接受立即性乳房重建,而腫瘤大於五公分,或是腋下淋巴結有多顆腫大的情況下,立即性重建在過去仍有一些爭議,主要的考量點在於術後放射線治療的必要,而重建乳房是否影響放射線的投予?先做放射線治療後再做重建則會比較困難,近年來,在德州大學安得森中心以及幾個大型癌症醫院的經驗,他們發現腹直肌皮瓣都可以忍受放射線治療,而重建的乳房也不影響放射線治療的結果,因此,自體組織乳房重建就不再受限,尤其是年輕的病人若有意願接受立即性重建,還是可行而值得鼓勵的。 不適合的對象: 1. 病人意願不高時,如果病人意願不高或者是不了解這種手術的過程,把重建的選項延後考慮是比較適合的方式。 2. 肥胖病人,如果術前BMI大於30,手術的失敗率會稍微提高一些。 3. 癌症的癒後不好,病人已經是癌症末期,但這點可能略具爭議,畢竟重建的目的在於提高生活品質以及病患心理重建,若病患接受重建的意願極高,在不影響治療的情況下,仍可以考慮以簡單的方式重建,病患狀況若十分虛弱,不適合長時間麻醉,或癒後很不好時,則不適合選擇立即性重建。 立即性重建對病人而言是是個方便、經濟、沒有危險或壓力的選擇,美觀上的復原也極佳。合併皮膚保留式乳房切除術, 可以達到最完美的結果,且不會增加乳癌復發的機會。一般外科醫師在做皮膚保留式乳房切除術時,會比傳統性的乳房切除術困難,引此,選擇經驗豐富的一般外科醫師,對病人術後的結果是很有幫助的。 對患者而言,最大的疑慮莫過於重建後會不會干擾放射線治療,現在的放射線治療已是三度空間的治療計畫,且放射線治療可以調整放射劑量及深度,重建並不會干擾治療的。當然如果腫瘤大於五公分,還需配合其他全身性的化學治療, 至於腫瘤已經侵犯到週圍組織時,或者是因為切除範圍過大而需要進行重建時(也就是說,切除傷口過大,無法直接縫合,須配合自體組織重建),也是可以同時重建乳房的。唯一的缺點是,接受立即性重建後,再接受放射治療,重建的乳房發生脂肪壞死或纖維化的機率較高,這是術前須有的心理準備。 一般來說立即性乳房重建不會干擾化學治療的進行,但是化學治療應在術後6週後開始進行,所以選擇的乳房重建方法需以"可能發生的後遺症"愈少愈好,才不會至於干擾化學治療的療程。 回到乳房重建中心
- Thermage FLX | 安德森整形外科診所
鳳凰電波特色、探頭比較 |需要幾次療程?|鳳凰電波與電波的差異|術後保養和注意事項 | 立即預約 與我們聯絡
- Publications | 安德森整形外科診所
鄭明輝教授發表66篇淋巴水腫論文和兩本教科書篇章,與國際學術醫界連結,為顯微重建整型外科及淋巴水腫世界權威 Publications Dr. Cheng's Publications in Lymphedema Microsurgery Dr. Cheng's Book and Chapter 1. Vascularized groin lymph node transfer using the wrist as a recipient site for management of postmastectomy upper extremity lymphedema. Lin CH, Ali R, Chen SC, Wallace C, Chang YC, Chen HC, Cheng MH. 淋巴結移植是一種被廣泛應用於治療淋巴水腫的有效方法。傳統上,臨床多將淋巴結移植至腋下,以改善乳癌術後上肢淋巴水腫的症狀。然而,臺灣的鄭明輝教授首創性地提出將鼠蹊部淋巴結移植至手腕遠端的位置,藉此改善淋巴回流,突破過去「近端移植」的慣例。這項技術在臨床上展現出卓越成效,根據平均56個月的長期追蹤,接受手腕移植的患者其患側手臂臂圍平均縮小達50%。這項開創性的研究於2009年發表,並成為首篇證實遠端淋巴結移植具臨床療效的論文,截至目前已被 Google Scholar 引用超過439次,對淋巴結移植術的發展產生深遠影響。 Plast Reconstr Surg. 2009 Apr;123(4):1265-75. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0b013e31819e6529. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19337095 2. A novel approach to the treatment of lower extremity lymphedema by transferring a vascularized submental lymph node flap to the ankle. Cheng MH, Huang JJ, Nguyen DH, Saint-Cyr M, Zenn MR, Tan BK, Lee CL. 鄭明輝教授第二篇關於淋巴水腫治療的研究展現了極具創新性的突破。他首度提出將下頷骨淋巴結移植至腳踝,用以治療下肢淋巴水腫。過去,針對下肢淋巴水腫的處理方式多限於穿著壓力襪或進行淋巴靜脈吻合術(LVA),然而對於病情較嚴重的患者,這些方法常常效果有限。鄭教授所發展的下頷骨淋巴結移植術,在臨床上展現出顯著的成效,為傳統療法無效的患者帶來了新的希望。此篇論文自發表以來,已被 Google Scholar 引用高達 330 次,顯示其在學術界與臨床實務上的深遠影響。 Gynecol Oncol. 2012 Jul;126(1):93-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2012.04.017. Epub 2012 Apr 17. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22516659 3. Vascularized groin lymph node flap transfer for postmastectomy upper limb lymphedema: flap anatomy, recipient sites, and outcomes.. Cheng MH, Chen SC, Henry SL, Tan BK, Lin MC, Huang JJ. 淋巴結移植的可靠性與治療效果如何?近心端或遠心端哪種移植效果更佳? 在2013年,鄭教授進一步發表研究,採用顯微外科技術進行鼠蹊部淋巴結移植,以治療上肢淋巴水腫。該研究對鼠蹊部淋巴結的解剖構造、受體區域的選擇,以及整體預後表現,皆有詳盡而正面的報告。手術平均可移植超過六顆鼠蹊部淋巴結,並在平均39個月的追蹤期後,患者的臂圍減少達40%,顯示出穩定而良好的治療成效。這項研究為將淋巴結移植至遠端以治療乳癌術後淋巴水腫奠定了成功的基礎。該論文至今已在 Google Scholar 上被引用達351次,顯示其在領域內的重要影響力。 4. Preplanning Vascularized Lymph Node Transfer with Duplex Ultrasonography: An Evaluation of 3 Donor Sites. Patel KM, Chu SY, Huang JJ, Wu CW, Lin CY, Cheng MH. 這篇由 Patel 博士與鄭明輝教授等人於 2014 年發表的研究,針對接受淋巴結移植手術的 68 位淋巴水腫病人,利用超音波(duplex ultrasonography)比較三個常見的淋巴結供應區:下頷骨區(submental)、鼠蹊部(groin)與上鎖骨區(supraclavicular)的解剖結構與血管特徵,協助術前規劃。 在淋巴結數量方面,下頷骨與鼠蹊部平均皆有超過 3 顆淋巴結(分別為 3.1 顆與 3.3 顆),而上鎖骨區僅約 0.9 顆,顯著較少。淋巴結數量越多,移植後的功能恢復潛力越高。 在靜脈直徑的比較中,鼠蹊部的靜脈直徑最大,平均約 12.2 mm,但因其位置較深,術中操作相對困難;下頷骨的靜脈平均約 2.9 mm,雖不及鼠蹊部粗大,但解剖結構清晰、吻合穩定;上鎖骨的靜脈則難以穩定觀察,臨床可行性較低。 皮瓣的厚度與體積亦有差異。鼠蹊部皮瓣最厚、體積最大,次為下頷骨,上鎖骨區則最薄且面積小,限制了其淋巴清除的潛力。厚皮瓣可能導致術後接受區形狀不自然,但也可能與更高的淋巴結密度有關。 綜合以上因素,研究建議首選下頷骨作為血管化淋巴結的供應區,其具備適中的皮瓣體積、穩定的靜脈口徑與高淋巴結數量;若不適合使用下頷骨,則可考慮鼠蹊部,惟需留意可能引發下肢淋巴水腫的風險。上鎖骨雖因疤痕隱蔽而具一定美觀優勢,但因結構與功能限制,不建議作為常規選擇。 這篇研究強調術前影像檢查的重要性,透過超音波能夠精準量測並預估每個病患的最佳淋巴結供應來源,提升淋巴結移植的安全性與成功率。 Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2014 Sep 8;2(8):e193. doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000000105. eCollection 2014 Aug. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25426376 5. The use of magnetic resonance angiography in vascularized groin lymph node transfer: an anatomic study. Dayan JH, Dayan E, Kagen A, Cheng MH, Sultan M, Samson W, Smith ML. J Reconstr Microsurg. 2014 Jan;30(1):41-5. doi: 10.1055/s-0033-1351668. Epub 2013 Sep 9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24019175 6. The mechanism of vascularized lymph node transfer for lymphedema: natural lymphaticovenous drainage. Cheng MH, Huang JJ, Wu CW, Yang CY, Lin CY, Henry SL, Kolios L. 鄭明輝教授2014年發表的重要研究:揭示淋巴結移植有效機制 鄭明輝教授於2014年在《Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery》期刊發表的研究,是刊登於整形外科領域最具權威的國際期刊之一。過去已有三篇研究證實淋巴結移植對淋巴水腫具有良好治療成效,而此篇論文更進一步深入探討「為什麼」淋巴結移植能夠有效改善淋巴水腫,並透過動物實驗與臨床手術觀察,提出科學性的解釋與證據。 在動物實驗部分,研究團隊將循血綠(ICG)注射於淋巴結皮瓣的遠端,可觀察到螢光訊號逐漸移動至連接的靜脈;若直接注射於淋巴結本體,僅需20多秒即在靜脈中出現螢光,顯示移植的淋巴結確實與靜脈系統連通,具備淋巴引流功能。 在臨床方面,當患者接受含有淋巴結的皮瓣移植時,研究顯示循血綠注射至淋巴結後,約在23秒內即可在靜脈中觀察到螢光訊號,進一步證實淋巴結具有快速將淋巴液引流至靜脈的能力。相較之下,若移植僅為皮膚組織,無淋巴結結構,則即使等待一小時,靜脈中仍無螢光顯現,進一步證明淋巴結在整個引流機制中扮演關鍵角色。 這篇具開創性的論文至今已被 Google Scholar 引用達249次,展現其在國際學術界的重要影響力,也為未來發展淋巴結移植治療提供了堅實的理論基礎與臨床依據。 Plast Reconstr Surg. 2014 Feb;133(2):192e-8e. doi: 10.1097/01.prs.0000437257.78327.5b. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24469190 7. Developing a Lower Limb Lymphedema Animal Model with Combined Lymphadenectomy and Low-dose Radiation. Yang CY, Nguyen DH, Wu CW, Fang YH, Chao KT, Patel KM, Cheng MH. 過去針對淋巴水腫的研究相對有限。若要進一步發展有效的治療策略,首要之務是深入了解淋巴系統的解剖結構與生理機轉,同時掌握淋巴水腫的發病機制。具備這些知識基礎,才能建立可靠的實驗模型並推動治療方法的驗證與發展。 為此,鄭明輝教授團隊於 2014 年發表了建立小鼠下肢淋巴水腫模型的研究成果,該模型結合雙部位淋巴結切除(鼠蹊與膕窩)與低劑量放射線照射(20 Gy),成功誘發穩定且可量測的慢性下肢淋巴水腫。此模型的特點包括高再現性、低死亡率與顯著的腫脹反應,並透過 Tc-99 淋巴攝影與 micro-CT 體積量測等方式,完整呈現淋巴功能受損後的生理與解剖變化。此研究為後續評估淋巴水腫治療方式的動物實驗提供了重要平台,也為相關臨床研究奠定了基礎。 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25289315 8. Vascularized lymph node flap transfer and lymphovenous anastomosis for klippel-trenaunay syndrome with congenital lymphedema. Qiu SS, Chen HY, Cheng MH. 本篇論文報導了一例罕見的先天性淋巴水腫合併 Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome(KTS)之臨床案例。該患者表現出雙側下肢淋巴水腫及淺層靜脈血管瘤,為臨床上高度複雜且具挑戰性的病症類型。 鄭明輝教授研究團隊根據患者左右下肢病情的嚴重程度差異,採取個別化的手術策略:在症狀較輕的右側施行淋巴靜脈吻合術(Lymphovenous Anastomosis, LVA),而在病變較嚴重的左側則進行血管化淋巴結移植(Vascularized Lymph Node Transfer, VLNT)。術後結果顯著,患者雙側水腫均明顯改善,復發率低,感染次數明顯下降,整體生活品質獲得提升,展現出兩種手術技術在臨床應用上的互補性與實用性。 此案例凸顯出,先天性淋巴水腫常伴隨其他血管或器官發育異常,使得診斷與治療更加複雜。因此,治療前的精確臨床評估與完整影像學分析至關重要。對於病情複雜者,應依據病灶位置、嚴重度與組織狀態,選擇最適當的手術方式,而非僅依賴單一技術。 本研究除了提供治療複雜型先天性淋巴水腫的寶貴經驗,也體現了鄭明輝教授在臨床與影像整合診斷領域的深耕與貢獻。透過個別化手術策略的設計與應用,為具多重併發症的淋巴水腫患者,開創出更有效、精準的治療選擇。 Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2014 Jul 9;2(6):e167. doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000000099. eCollection 2014 Jun. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25289360 9. From theory to evidence: long-term evaluation of the mechanism of action and flap integration of distal vascularized lymph node transfers. Patel KM, Lin CY, Cheng MH. 這篇由鄭明輝教授與其團隊於《Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery》發表的論文,針對「遠端血管化淋巴結移植」(distal vascularized lymph node transfer, VLNT)的機轉與臨床整合,進行了具代表性的長期追蹤與實驗性評估。傳統上,淋巴結移植多選擇在近端(如腋下或鼠蹊部)作為接受區,基於再建局部淋巴通道的理論。然而,臨床上發現即使將淋巴結移植至遠端(如手腕、腳踝),仍能有效改善患肢淋巴水腫,卻缺乏對此機制的完整理解。本研究即是為了補足這項知識缺口。 研究團隊從長庚醫院的資料庫中選取了20位接受遠端VLN移植、且追蹤時間超過一年以上的病人,平均追蹤時間為27.3個月。移植位置包含手腕、手肘與腳踝,移植來源則為鼠蹊部或下頷部淋巴結。在術後,團隊利用螢光顯影劑 Indocyanine Green(ICG),在移植區近心端注射,觀察螢光劑是否流入移植的淋巴結。結果顯示,所有病人皆有ICG向遠心端流動並進入移植的淋巴結,顯示移植淋巴結與周邊淋巴系統已產生有效整合。更重要的是,ICG出現的時間(latency period)與患肢圍度改善程度呈現顯著負相關——顯影越快的病人,其淋巴水腫改善越明顯。 研究進一步指出,這種遠端移植的效果之所以顯著,可能與病人原有的近端淋巴管已遭受手術或放射線破壞有關,導致近端再建效果有限。而遠端區域尚保有殘存的淋巴管網與靜脈系統,移植的淋巴結透過內在的「淋巴-靜脈通道」(lymphovenous connections),可直接將淋巴液排入靜脈循環,發揮更直接有效的引流功能。這種流動方向甚至在病人平躺時(即重力中立)亦明確觀察得到,說明其非單純依賴重力,而是反映整體微循環與淋巴靜脈整合的真實生理功能。 最後,研究強調這種遠端非解剖位置的移植不僅可行,且在長期追蹤下效果穩定。作者建議對於晚期、嚴重的淋巴水腫個案,應重新思考傳統近端植入策略,並考慮遠端移植作為更具功能性的治療選項。這篇論文不僅為遠端淋巴結移植提供了明確的機轉證據,也對未來臨床策略的選擇與評估方式提出了嶄新方向。 J Reconstr Microsurg. 2015 Jan;31(1):26-30. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1381957. Epub 2014 Aug 19. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25137504 10. Quantity of lymph nodes correlates with improvement in lymphatic drainage in treatment of hind limb lymphedema with lymph node flap transfer in rats. Nguyen DH, Chou PY, Hsieh YH, Momeni A, Fang YH, Patel KM, Yang CY, Cheng MH. Microsurgery. 2016 Mar;36(3):239-45. doi: 10.1002/micr.22388. Epub 2015 Feb 25. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25715830 這篇由鄭明輝教授與其團隊於《Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery》發表的論文,針對「遠端血管化淋巴結移植」(distal vascularized lymph node transfer, VLNT)的機轉與臨床整合,進行了具代表性的長期追蹤與實驗性評估。傳統上,淋巴結移植多選擇在近端(如腋下或鼠蹊部)作為接受區,基於再建局部淋巴通道的理論。然而,臨床上發現即使將淋巴結移植至遠端(如手腕、腳踝),仍能有效改善患肢淋巴水腫,卻缺乏對此機制的完整理解。本研究即是為了補足這項知識缺口。 研究團隊從長庚醫院的資料庫中選取了20位接受遠端VLN移植、且追蹤時間超過一年以上的病人,平均追蹤時間為27.3個月。移植位置包含手腕、手肘與腳踝,移植來源則為鼠蹊部或下頷部淋巴結。在術後,團隊利用螢光顯影劑 Indocyanine Green(ICG),在移植區近心端注射,觀察螢光劑是否流入移植的淋巴結。結果顯示,所有病人皆有ICG向遠心端流動並進入移植的淋巴結,顯示移植淋巴結與周邊淋巴系統已產生有效整合。更重要的是,ICG出現的時間(latency period)與患肢圍度改善程度呈現顯著負相關——顯影越快的病人,其淋巴水腫改善越明顯。 研究進一步指出,這種遠端移植的效果之所以顯著,可能與病人原有的近端淋巴管已遭受手術或放射線破壞有關,導致近端再建效果有限。而遠端區域尚保有殘存的淋巴管網與靜脈系統,移植的淋巴結透過內在的「淋巴-靜脈通道」(lymphovenous connections),可直接將淋巴液排入靜脈循環,發揮更直接有效的引流功能。這種流動方向甚至在病人平躺時(即重力中立)亦明確觀察得到,說明其非單純依賴重力,而是反映整體微循環與淋巴靜脈整合的真實生理功能。 最後,研究強調這種遠端非解剖位置的移植不僅可行,且在長期追蹤下效果穩定。作者建議對於晚期、嚴重的淋巴水腫個案,應重新思考傳統近端植入策略,並考慮遠端移植作為更具功能性的治療選項。這篇論文不僅為遠端淋巴結移植提供了明確的機轉證據,也對未來臨床策略的選擇與評估方式提出了嶄新方向。 J Reconstr Microsurg. 2015 Jan;31(1):26-30. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1381957. Epub 2014 Aug 19. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25137504 11. Simultaneous Bilateral Submental Lymph Node Flaps for Lower Limb Lymphedema Post Leg Charles Procedure. Ito R, Lin MC, Cheng MH. 這篇於 2015 年發表的臨床報告,記錄一位 59 歲女性在接受子宮內膜癌治療後,出現左下肢長期淋巴水腫,曾接受 Charles Procedure(將整個小腿的皮下組織與皮膚切除再補皮)後仍反覆感染並惡化。鄭明輝教授團隊為她設計了創新的治療方式,同時移植兩側下頷骨的血管化淋巴結皮瓣:一側移植到腳踝處改善腳部感染與蜂窩性組織炎,另一側移植到大腿靠近膝蓋的位置以改善大腿淋巴回流。手術後,病人感染停止、腿圍明顯縮小,且不再需要穿壓力襪,整體生活品質大幅提升。此案例證明,在 Charles Procedure 術後仍惡化的淋巴水腫病人身上,雙側下頷骨淋巴結移植可成為一個有效的治療方案。 Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2015 Sep 15;3(9):e513. doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000000489. eCollection 2015 Sep. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26495226 12. Successful treatment of early-stage lower extremity lymphedema with side-to-end lymphovenous anastomosis with indocyanine green lymphography assisted. Ito R, Wu CT, Lin MC, Cheng MH. Microsurgery. 2016 May;36(4):310-5. doi: 10.1002/micr.30010. Epub 2015 Dec 15. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26666982 這篇由鄭明輝教授與其團隊於《Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery》發表的論文,針對「遠端血管化淋巴結移植」(distal vascularized lymph node transfer, VLNT)的機轉與臨床整合,進行了具代表性的長期追蹤與實驗性評估。傳統上,淋巴結移植多選擇在近端(如腋下或鼠蹊部)作為接受區,基於再建局部淋巴通道的理論。然而,臨床上發現即使將淋巴結移植至遠端(如手腕、腳踝),仍能有效改善患肢淋巴水腫,卻缺乏對此機制的完整理解。本研究即是為了補足這項知識缺口。 研究團隊從長庚醫院的資料庫中選取了20位接受遠端VLN移植、且追蹤時間超過一年以上的病人,平均追蹤時間為27.3個月。移植位置包含手腕、手肘與腳踝,移植來源則為鼠蹊部或下頷部淋巴結。在術後,團隊利用螢光顯影劑 Indocyanine Green(ICG),在移植區近心端注射,觀察螢光劑是否流入移植的淋巴結。結果顯示,所有病人皆有ICG向遠心端流動並進入移植的淋巴結,顯示移植淋巴結與周邊淋巴系統已產生有效整合。更重要的是,ICG出現的時間(latency period)與患肢圍度改善程度呈現顯著負相關——顯影越快的病人,其淋巴水腫改善越明顯。 研究進一步指出,這種遠端移植的效果之所以顯著,可能與病人原有的近端淋巴管已遭受手術或放射線破壞有關,導致近端再建效果有限。而遠端區域尚保有殘存的淋巴管網與靜脈系統,移植的淋巴結透過內在的「淋巴-靜脈通道」(lymphovenous connections),可直接將淋巴液排入靜脈循環,發揮更直接有效的引流功能。這種流動方向甚至在病人平躺時(即重力中立)亦明確觀察得到,說明其非單純依賴重力,而是反映整體微循環與淋巴靜脈整合的真實生理功能。 最後,研究強調這種遠端非解剖位置的移植不僅可行,且在長期追蹤下效果穩定。作者建議對於晚期、嚴重的淋巴水腫個案,應重新思考傳統近端植入策略,並考慮遠端移植作為更具功能性的治療選項。這篇論文不僅為遠端淋巴結移植提供了明確的機轉證據,也對未來臨床策略的選擇與評估方式提出了嶄新方向。 J Reconstr Microsurg. 2015 Jan;31(1):26-30. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1381957. Epub 2014 Aug 19. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25137504 13. Lymphedema surgery: Patient selection and an overview of surgical techniques. Allen RJ Jr, Cheng MH. 這篇由 Robert Allen Jr. 與鄭明輝教授團隊於 Journal of Surgical Oncology 發表的論文,系統性地回顧了各種淋巴水腫手術方式,並強調「病人選擇」的重要性。文章指出,淋巴水腫並非單一手術即可全面解決,而是需依照疾病分期與病程嚴重度來選擇適合的治療。根據鄭式淋巴水腫分期,第0期的患者多屬於可逆階段,適合以復健與保守治療為主;第1期與早期第2期仍保有部分淋巴通路,最適合進行淋巴靜脈吻合術(LVA);晚期第2期到第4期患者因淋巴管已大幅阻塞或纖維化,則較適合血管化淋巴結移植(VLNT)等重建手術。透過這樣的治療分流,可以讓醫師與病人進行更清楚的溝通,避免不當手術導致效果不佳,也提高預後的成功率。此篇論文自發表以來已被引用超過 159 次,不僅整理了當時主要的手術策略,也為臨床醫師在選擇手術方式時提供了實用的指引。 J Surg Oncol. 2016 Jun;113(8):923-31. doi: 10.1002/jso.24170. Epub 2016 Feb 5. Review. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26846615 14. Surgical anatomy of the vascularized submental lymph node flap: Anatomic study of correlation of submental artery perforators and quantity of submental lymph node. Tzou CH, Meng S, Ines T, Reissig L, Pichler U, Steinbacher J, Pona I, Roka-Palkovits J, Rath T, Weninger WJ, Cheng MH. J Surg Oncol. 2017 Jan;115(1):54-59. doi: 10.1002/jso.24336. Epub 2016 Jun 23. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27338566 淋巴結移植已被證實是治療淋巴水腫的有效方法,並在臨床上累積了許多成功案例。鄭教授發展並深入研究下頷淋巴結移植的外科解剖,包括其解剖位置、血管穿通支的分布與淋巴結的數量,並已於學術期刊發表。本篇論文為鄭教授與奧地利維也納周教授共同完成;周教授當時為鄭教授的學生,現已成為奧地利淋巴水腫領域的重要專家。 研究結果顯示,下頷骨區域平均可找到約三顆體積較大的淋巴結,並伴隨約四條穩定的血管穿通支,提供良好的血流灌注,使該區皮瓣在移植至遠端時仍具可靠的血液供應。此外,研究指出神經構造相對穩定,其路徑多位於臉動脈的表層,因此在手術剝離過程中能夠清楚辨識並加以保護,降低神經損傷的風險。 綜合而言,下頷部至少具備三顆可用的淋巴結與良好的血管供應,且神經走行明確、易於保護。這些特徵使下頷淋巴結皮瓣成為臨床上進行血管化淋巴結移植(VLNT)時,一個安全、穩定且極具臨床價值的供區。 15. The 5th world symposium for lymphedema surgery-Recent updates in lymphedema surgery and setting up of a global knowledge exchange platform. Loh CY, Wu JC, Nguyen A, Dayan J, Smith M, Masia J, Chang D, Koshima I, Cheng MH. 第五屆世界淋巴水腫手術研討會於 2016 年在台灣長庚醫院舉行,由鄭明輝教授與來自巴塞隆納的 Jaume Masia、芝加哥的 David Chang 等國際專家共同推動,旨在建立一個全球知識交流平台,整合臨床經驗、基礎研究與技術發展。研討會安排多場現場手術,包括淋巴靜脈吻合(LVA)、血管化淋巴結移植(VLNT)、以及不同供應區如頷下、鎖骨上、腹網膜等淋巴結皮瓣的應用,並透過即時轉播與專家評論,促進與會醫師之間的互動與學習。這次會議獲得 Journal of Surgical Oncology 主編的支持,會中高品質論文也收錄於該期刊發表,使研討會不僅成為外科醫師臨床與研究交流的重要平臺,更為年輕醫師提供了實際觀摩與參與的機會,推動淋巴水腫手術在全球整形重建外科領域快速成長與發展。 16. The surgical anatomy of the supraclavicular lymph node flap: A basis for the free vascularized lymph node transfer. Steinbacher J, Tinhofer IE, Meng S, Reissig LF, Placheta E, Roka-Palkovits J, Rath T, Cheng MH, Weninger WJ, Tzou CH. J Surg Oncol. 2017 Jan;115(1):60-62. doi: 10.1002/jso.24346. Epub 2016 Jun 28. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27353521 17. The 5th World Symposium for Lymphedema Surgery. Cheng MH, Koshima I, Chang DW, Masia J. J Surg Oncol. 2017 Jan;115(1):5. doi: 10.1002/jso.24383. Epub 2016 Jul 29. No abstract available. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27473624 18. Platysma-sparing vascularized submental lymph node flap transfer for extremity lymphedema. Poccia I, Lin CY, Cheng MH. J Surg Oncol. 2017 Jan;115(1):48-53. doi: 10.1002/jso.24350. Epub 2017 Jan 6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28058777 這篇文章介紹了一項改良的 Platysma 保留式下頷骨淋巴結皮瓣移植。傳統手術常需切除 platysma 肌肉,可能造成下唇短暫無力或笑容不對稱。改良技術則在設計上保留內側 platysma,並在顯微鏡下保護邊緣性下頷神經,使病人術後既能獲得淋巴水腫的改善,又能避免口唇運動異常。臨床比較顯示,兩組患者的皮瓣均完全存活,但改良組沒有出現神經假性麻痺,且手術效率更高。此技術兼顧功能與美觀,顯著降低供應區後遺症,為淋巴水腫治療提供更安全的選擇。 Platysma-Sparing Vascularized Submental Lymph Node Flap Transfer for Extremity Lymphedema 19. A prospective clinical assessment of anatomic variability of the submental vascularized lymph node flap. Cheng MH, Lin CY, Patel KM. 這篇 2017 年發表於《Journal of Surgical Oncology》的研究,針對 下頷骨血管化淋巴結皮瓣(submental vascularized lymph node flap, VSLN flap) 的解剖變異進行前瞻性臨床評估,目的是幫助外科醫師更安全有效地進行皮瓣的剝離與移植。 研究共分析了 49 例病人,其中 42 例提供完整的解剖資訊。結果顯示,下頷骨動脈與靜脈的走向存在顯著的變異。最常見的情況是動脈與靜脈都行經於下頷下腺的上方,約佔 31%。其次,動脈可能穿過腺體,或靜脈位於腺體下方、旁邊,甚至出現兩條主靜脈並行的情形。這些不同的組合,會直接影響手術剝離的難度與耗時,其中 動脈經過腺體內部時,手術時間會明顯延長。 在每個皮瓣內,平均可找到約 2 個左右的淋巴結,若動脈路徑經腺體內部,往往能取得更多顯著的淋巴結。研究也發現,術前使用超音波檢查有助於精準定位淋巴結與血管走向,降低手術中意外損傷的風險。 這篇研究強調 下頷骨淋巴結皮瓣存在高度的血管解剖變異,熟悉這些變化並在術前善用影像工具,能幫助初學者及臨床醫師在進行淋巴結移植時更加安全、順利。對於治療較嚴重(鄭式分期第 III 至 IV 期)的淋巴水腫患者,這些解剖知識能直接影響手術成果與臨床效果。 J Surg Oncol. 2017 Jan;115(1):43-47. doi: 10.1002/jso.24487. Epub 2017 Jan 13. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28083889 20. Greater Omental Lymph Node Flap for Upper Limb Lymphedema with Lymph Nodes-depleted Patient. Chu YY, Allen RJ Jr, Wu TJ, Cheng MH. 上肢淋巴水腫的治療常以腹股溝淋巴結移植或下頷淋巴結移植作為主要選擇,其中下頷淋巴結皮瓣通常能提供更穩定的效果。然而,部分病患因個別臨床條件而受限,例如鼻咽癌病史導致頸部接受過放射線治療,或曾進行過腹股溝淋巴結移植及淋巴靜脈吻合手術但皆未成功。針對這類無法再使用常見供區的病人,腹網膜淋巴結移植可作為替代方案。 本研究報告一位乳癌術後併發上肢淋巴水腫的病人,因無法再利用腹股溝或下頷部淋巴結作為供區,最終採用腹網膜淋巴結移植。手術後病人的上肢腫脹情形顯著改善,體積減少約達 40%,顯示腹網膜淋巴結移植在特殊情況下仍具有良好的臨床效果與可行性。腹網膜淋巴結的優點是有2組動靜脈循環,但缺點是要剖腹傷口、淋巴結較少較小、靜脈回流較不可靠、沒有皮膚附著。 Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2017 Apr 25;5(4):e1288. doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000001288. eCollection 2017 Apr. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28507857 21. The surgical anatomy of the vascularized lateral thoracic artery lymph node flap-A cadaver study. Tinhofer IE, Meng S, Steinbacher J, Roka-Palkovits J, Györi E, Reissig LF, Cheng MH, Weninger WJ, Tzou CH. J Surg Oncol. 2017 Dec;116(8):1062-1068. doi: 10.1002/jso.24783. Epub 2017 Aug 7. 這篇文章介紹了一項改良的 Platysma 保留式下頷骨淋巴結皮瓣移植。傳統手術常需切除 platysma 肌肉,可能造成下唇短暫無力或笑容不對稱。改良技術則在設計上保留內側 platysma,並在顯微鏡下保護邊緣性下頷神經,使病人術後既能獲得淋巴水腫的改善,又能避免口唇運動異常。臨床比較顯示,兩組患者的皮瓣均完全存活,但改良組沒有出現神經假性麻痺,且手術效率更高。此技術兼顧功能與美觀,顯著降低供應區後遺症,為淋巴水腫治療提供更安全的選擇。 Platysma-Sparing Vascularized Submental Lymph Node Flap Transfer for Extremity Lymphedema 22. Visualization of Skin Perfusion by Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Angiography-A Feasibility Study. Steinbacher J, Yoshimatsu H, Meng S, Hamscha UM, Chan CS, Weninger WJ, Wu CT, Cheng MH, Tzou CH. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2017 Sep 25;5(9):e1455. doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000001455. eCollection 2017 Sep. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29062637 23. Vascularized lymph node transfer for treatment of extremity lymphedema: An overview of current controversies regarding donor sites, recipient sites and outcomes. Pappalardo M, Patel K, Cheng MH. J Surg Oncol. 2018 Jun;117(7):1420-1431. doi: 10.1002/jso.25034. Epub 2018 Mar 24. Review. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29572824 24. Vascularized Lymph Node Transfer for Lymphedema. Schaverien MV, Badash I, Patel KM, Selber JC, Cheng MH. Semin Plast Surg. 2018 Feb;32(1):28-35. doi: 10.1055/s-0038-1632401. Epub 2018 Apr 9.Review. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29636651 25. Accurate Prediction of Submental Lymph Nodes Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Lymphedema Surgery. Asuncion MO, Chu SY, Huang YL, Lin CY, Cheng MH. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2018 Mar 23;6(3):e1691. doi: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000001691. eCollection 2018 Mar. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29707451 26. Critical Ischemia Time, Perfusion and Drainage Function of Vascularized Lymph Nodes. Yang CY, HO OA, Cheng MH, Hsiao HY. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2018 Jun 12. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000004673. [Epub ahead of print] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29927833 27. Correlation between Quantity of Transferred Lymph Nodes and Outcome in Vascularized Submental Lymph Node Flap Transfer for Lower Limb Lymphedema. Gustafsson J, Chu SY, Chan WH, Cheng MH. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2018 Jul 10. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000004793. [Epub ahead of print] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30020232 28. Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse Elastography: Tissue Stiffness Measurement in Limb Lymphedema. Chan WH, Huang YL, Lin C, Lin CY, Cheng MH, Chu SY. Radiology. 2018 Aug 14:172869. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2018172869. [Epub ahead of print] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30106341 29. Lymph node transplantation for the treatment of lymphedema. Gould DJ, Mehrara BJ, Neligan P, Cheng MH, Patel KM. J Surg Oncol. 2018 Aug 21. doi: 10.1002/jso.25180. [Epub ahead of print] Review. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30129675 30. Effectiveness of Vascularized Lymph Node Transfer for Extremity Lymphedema Using Volumetric and Circumferential Differences Gustafsson J, Chu SY, Chan WH, Cheng MH. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2018 Jul 10. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000004793. [Epub ahead of print] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30020232 31. Lymphedema and concomitant venous comorbidity in the extremity: Comprehensive evaluation, management strategy, and outcomes. Sachanandani N S, Chu SY, Ho O A., Cheong CF, Lin CY, Cheng MH*. J Surg Oncol. 2018 Nov;118(6):941-952. doi: 10.1002/jso.25237. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ ? term=Lymphedema+and+concomitant+venous+comorbidity+in+the+extremity%3A+Comprehensive+evaluation%2C+management+strategy%2C+and+outcomes 32. Outcomes of Vascularized Lymph Node Transfer and Lymphovenous Anastomosis for Treatmentof Primary Lymphedema. Cheng MH, Loh CYY, Lin CY. Plats Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2018 Dec 20;6(12):e2056. https://journals.lww.com/prsgo/Fulltext/2018/12000/Outcomes_of_Vascularized_Lymph Node_Transfer_and.15.aspx 33. Comparisons of Submental and Groin Vascularized Lymph Node Flaps Transfer for BreastCancer-Related Lymphedema. Ho OA, Lin CY, Pappalardo M, Cheng MH. Plats Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2018 Dec 13;6(12):e1923. https://journals.lww.com/prsgo/Fulltext/2018/12000/Comparisons_of_Submental_and_Groin_Vascularized.13.aspx 34. A Prospective Evaluation of Lymphedema-Specific Quality-of-Life Outcomes Following Vascularized Lymph Node Transfer. Sachanandani N S, Chu SY, Ho O A., Cheong CF, Lin CY, Cheng MH*. 這篇由鄭明輝教授與其團隊於《Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery》發表的論文,針對「遠端血管化淋巴結移植」(distal vascularized lymph node transfer, VLNT)的機轉與臨床整合,進行了具代表性的長期追蹤與實驗性評估。傳統上,淋巴結移植多選擇在近端(如腋下或鼠蹊部)作為接受區,基於再建局部淋巴通道的理論。然而,臨床上發現即使將淋巴結移植至遠端(如手腕、腳踝),仍能有效改善患肢淋巴水腫,卻缺乏對此機制的完整理解。本研究即是為了補足這項知識缺口。 研究團隊從長庚醫院的資料庫中選取了20位接受遠端VLN移植、且追蹤時間超過一年以上的病人,平均追蹤時間為27.3個月。移植位置包含手腕、手肘與腳踝,移植來源則為鼠蹊部或下頷部淋巴結。在術後,團隊利用螢光顯影劑 Indocyanine Green(ICG),在移植區近心端注射,觀察螢光劑是否流入移植的淋巴結。結果顯示,所有病人皆有ICG向遠心端流動並進入移植的淋巴結,顯示移植淋巴結與周邊淋巴系統已產生有效整合。更重要的是,ICG出現的時間(latency period)與患肢圍度改善程度呈現顯著負相關——顯影越快的病人,其淋巴水腫改善越明顯。 研究進一步指出,這種遠端移植的效果之所以顯著,可能與病人原有的近端淋巴管已遭受手術或放射線破壞有關,導致近端再建效果有限。而遠端區域尚保有殘存的淋巴管網與靜脈系統,移植的淋巴結透過內在的「淋巴-靜脈通道」(lymphovenous connections),可直接將淋巴液排入靜脈循環,發揮更直接有效的引流功能。這種流動方向甚至在病人平躺時(即重力中立)亦明確觀察得到,說明其非單純依賴重力,而是反映整體微循環與淋巴靜脈整合的真實生理功能。 最後,研究強調這種遠端非解剖位置的移植不僅可行,且在長期追蹤下效果穩定。作者建議對於晚期、嚴重的淋巴水腫個案,應重新思考傳統近端植入策略,並考慮遠端移植作為更具功能性的治療選項。這篇論文不僅為遠端淋巴結移植提供了明確的機轉證據,也對未來臨床策略的選擇與評估方式提出了嶄新方向。 J Reconstr Microsurg. 2015 Jan;31(1):26-30. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1381957. Epub 2014 Aug 19. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25137504 35. Proposed pathway and mechanism of vascularized lymph node flaps. Ito R, Zelken J, Yang CY, Lin CY, Cheng MH. 這篇 2016 年發表於 Gynecologic Oncology 的研究由鄭明輝教授團隊主導,透過大鼠與人體實驗證實血管化淋巴結皮瓣(VLN)能有效吸收組織間液並將其導入靜脈,揭示了其「抽水幫浦」般的作用機制。實驗顯示,只有含淋巴結的皮瓣在浸泡含有足夠濃度蛋白質(≥3%)的螢光染劑溶液時,才會在靜脈中出現螢光訊號,證明淋巴液與蛋白質先經淋巴毛細管進入淋巴結,再透過高內皮小靜脈轉運至靜脈系統,從而完成引流。臨床上,接受下頷下淋巴結移植的病人皆在一年內獲得症狀改善。此研究首次清楚闡明了淋巴結移植的運作路徑與機制,已成為整形重建外科界廣泛引用的重要依據,並被引用超過 100 次。 Gynecol Oncol. 2016 Apr;141(1):182-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2016.01.007. Epub 2016 Jan 7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26773469 36. Outcomes of Lymphedema Microsurgery for Breast Cancer-related Lymphedema With or Without Microvascular Breast Reconstruction. Ho OA, Lin CY, Pappalardo M, Cheng MH. Ann Surg. 2017 Jun 7. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000002322. [Epub ahead of print] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28594742 這篇由鄭明輝教授與其團隊於《Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery》發表的論文,針對「遠端血管化淋巴結移植」(distal vascularized lymph node transfer, VLNT)的機轉與臨床整合,進行了具代表性的長期追蹤與實驗性評估。傳統上,淋巴結移植多選擇在近端(如腋下或鼠蹊部)作為接受區,基於再建局部淋巴通道的理論。然而,臨床上發現即使將淋巴結移植至遠端(如手腕、腳踝),仍能有效改善患肢淋巴水腫,卻缺乏對此機制的完整理解。本研究即是為了補足這項知識缺口。 研究團隊從長庚醫院的資料庫中選取了20位接受遠端VLN移植、且追蹤時間超過一年以上的病人,平均追蹤時間為27.3個月。移植位置包含手腕、手肘與腳踝,移植來源則為鼠蹊部或下頷部淋巴結。在術後,團隊利用螢光顯影劑 Indocyanine Green(ICG),在移植區近心端注射,觀察螢光劑是否流入移植的淋巴結。結果顯示,所有病人皆有ICG向遠心端流動並進入移植的淋巴結,顯示移植淋巴結與周邊淋巴系統已產生有效整合。更重要的是,ICG出現的時間(latency period)與患肢圍度改善程度呈現顯著負相關——顯影越快的病人,其淋巴水腫改善越明顯。 研究進一步指出,這種遠端移植的效果之所以顯著,可能與病人原有的近端淋巴管已遭受手術或放射線破壞有關,導致近端再建效果有限。而遠端區域尚保有殘存的淋巴管網與靜脈系統,移植的淋巴結透過內在的「淋巴-靜脈通道」(lymphovenous connections),可直接將淋巴液排入靜脈循環,發揮更直接有效的引流功能。這種流動方向甚至在病人平躺時(即重力中立)亦明確觀察得到,說明其非單純依賴重力,而是反映整體微循環與淋巴靜脈整合的真實生理功能。 最後,研究強調這種遠端非解剖位置的移植不僅可行,且在長期追蹤下效果穩定。作者建議對於晚期、嚴重的淋巴水腫個案,應重新思考傳統近端植入策略,並考慮遠端移植作為更具功能性的治療選項。這篇論文不僅為遠端淋巴結移植提供了明確的機轉證據,也對未來臨床策略的選擇與評估方式提出了嶄新方向。 J Reconstr Microsurg. 2015 Jan;31(1):26-30. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1381957. Epub 2014 Aug 19. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25137504 37. Validity of the Novel Taiwan Lymphoscintigraphy Staging and Correlation of Cheng LymphedemaGrading for Unilateral Extremity Lymphedema. Cheng MH, Pappalardo M, Lin C, Kuo CF, Lin CY, Chung KC. Ann Surg. 2018 Sep;268(3):513-525. doi: 10.1097/SLA.0000000000002917. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30004927 這篇由鄭明輝教授與其團隊於《Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery》發表的論文,針對「遠端血管化淋巴結移植」(distal vascularized lymph node transfer, VLNT)的機轉與臨床整合,進行了具代表性的長期追蹤與實驗性評估。傳統上,淋巴結移植多選擇在近端(如腋下或鼠蹊部)作為接受區,基於再建局部淋巴通道的理論。然而,臨床上發現即使將淋巴結移植至遠端(如手腕、腳踝),仍能有效改善患肢淋巴水腫,卻缺乏對此機制的完整理解。本研究即是為了補足這項知識缺口。 研究團隊從長庚醫院的資料庫中選取了20位接受遠端VLN移植、且追蹤時間超過一年以上的病人,平均追蹤時間為27.3個月。移植位置包含手腕、手肘與腳踝,移植來源則為鼠蹊部或下頷部淋巴結。在術後,團隊利用螢光顯影劑 Indocyanine Green(ICG),在移植區近心端注射,觀察螢光劑是否流入移植的淋巴結。結果顯示,所有病人皆有ICG向遠心端流動並進入移植的淋巴結,顯示移植淋巴結與周邊淋巴系統已產生有效整合。更重要的是,ICG出現的時間(latency period)與患肢圍度改善程度呈現顯著負相關——顯影越快的病人,其淋巴水腫改善越明顯。 研究進一步指出,這種遠端移植的效果之所以顯著,可能與病人原有的近端淋巴管已遭受手術或放射線破壞有關,導致近端再建效果有限。而遠端區域尚保有殘存的淋巴管網與靜脈系統,移植的淋巴結透過內在的「淋巴-靜脈通道」(lymphovenous connections),可直接將淋巴液排入靜脈循環,發揮更直接有效的引流功能。這種流動方向甚至在病人平躺時(即重力中立)亦明確觀察得到,說明其非單純依賴重力,而是反映整體微循環與淋巴靜脈整合的真實生理功能。 最後,研究強調這種遠端非解剖位置的移植不僅可行,且在長期追蹤下效果穩定。作者建議對於晚期、嚴重的淋巴水腫個案,應重新思考傳統近端植入策略,並考慮遠端移植作為更具功能性的治療選項。這篇論文不僅為遠端淋巴結移植提供了明確的機轉證據,也對未來臨床策略的選擇與評估方式提出了嶄新方向。 J Reconstr Microsurg. 2015 Jan;31(1):26-30. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1381957. Epub 2014 Aug 19. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25137504 38. Dorsal Wrist Placement for Vascularized Submental Lymph Node Transfer Significantly Improves Breast Cancer-Related Lymphedema. Hattan A, Fries Charles Anton, BChir, FRCS, Cheng Ming-Huei. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open: 2019 Feb, 7(2): e2149. https://journals.lww.com/prsgo/Fulltext/2019/02000/Dorsal_Wrist Placement_for_Vascularized_Submental.14.aspx 這篇由鄭明輝教授與其團隊於《Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery》發表的論文,針對「遠端血管化淋巴結移植」(distal vascularized lymph node transfer, VLNT)的機轉與臨床整合,進行了具代表性的長期追蹤與實驗性評估。傳統上,淋巴結移植多選擇在近端(如腋下或鼠蹊部)作為接受區,基於再建局部淋巴通道的理論。然而,臨床上發現即使將淋巴結移植至遠端(如手腕、腳踝),仍能有效改善患肢淋巴水腫,卻缺乏對此機制的完整理解。本研究即是為了補足這項知識缺口。 研究團隊從長庚醫院的資料庫中選取了20位接受遠端VLN移植、且追蹤時間超過一年以上的病人,平均追蹤時間為27.3個月。移植位置包含手腕、手肘與腳踝,移植來源則為鼠蹊部或下頷部淋巴結。在術後,團隊利用螢光顯影劑 Indocyanine Green(ICG),在移植區近心端注射,觀察螢光劑是否流入移植的淋巴結。結果顯示,所有病人皆有ICG向遠心端流動並進入移植的淋巴結,顯示移植淋巴結與周邊淋巴系統已產生有效整合。更重要的是,ICG出現的時間(latency period)與患肢圍度改善程度呈現顯著負相關——顯影越快的病人,其淋巴水腫改善越明顯。 研究進一步指出,這種遠端移植的效果之所以顯著,可能與病人原有的近端淋巴管已遭受手術或放射線破壞有關,導致近端再建效果有限。而遠端區域尚保有殘存的淋巴管網與靜脈系統,移植的淋巴結透過內在的「淋巴-靜脈通道」(lymphovenous connections),可直接將淋巴液排入靜脈循環,發揮更直接有效的引流功能。這種流動方向甚至在病人平躺時(即重力中立)亦明確觀察得到,說明其非單純依賴重力,而是反映整體微循環與淋巴靜脈整合的真實生理功能。 最後,研究強調這種遠端非解剖位置的移植不僅可行,且在長期追蹤下效果穩定。作者建議對於晚期、嚴重的淋巴水腫個案,應重新思考傳統近端植入策略,並考慮遠端移植作為更具功能性的治療選項。這篇論文不僅為遠端淋巴結移植提供了明確的機轉證據,也對未來臨床策略的選擇與評估方式提出了嶄新方向。 J Reconstr Microsurg. 2015 Jan;31(1):26-30. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1381957. Epub 2014 Aug 19. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25137504 39. Comparison of Outcomes between Side-to-End and End-to-End Lymphovenous Anastomoses for Early-Grade Extremity Lymphedema. Fahad K. Al-Jindan, Lin CY, Cheng MH. 這篇 2019 年發表於《Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery》的研究,針對早期肢體淋巴水腫,直接比較了 邊對端 (side-to-end, STE) 與 端對端 (end-to-end, ETE) 淋巴靜脈吻合術的臨床成果。研究共納入 58 位病人,其中 23 位接受 ETE,35 位接受 STE,所有患者皆在術前經螢光綠淋巴攝影確認有功能性的淋巴管。手術均由同一位資深外科醫師於高倍率顯微鏡下完成,平均追蹤時間超過 16 個月。 結果顯示,兩種吻合方式都能有效改善早期淋巴水腫,但 STE 的表現更佳。在肢體圍度減少方面,STE 組平均改善 3.2%,明顯優於 ETE 組的 2.2%。蜂窩性組織炎的發作次數在術後兩組皆大幅下降,從每年平均 1.7 次降至 0.7 次,但 STE 組的改善幅度更為明顯,尤其在上肢與下肢患者中皆有較佳的臨床效果。所有患者在手術後都能恢復日常生活,並且不再依賴壓力衣。 機制方面,研究指出 STE 的優勢在於 保留了淋巴管的連續性。這種吻合方式可以同時引流近端與遠端的淋巴液,維持淋巴管的收縮與功能;相對而言,ETE 需要切斷淋巴管,只能處理遠端的淋巴回流,因此功能上較受限制。 這項研究證實了淋巴靜脈吻合術對早期淋巴水腫確實有效,而邊對端吻合術在臨床效果上更具優勢,特別是在減少肢體腫脹與控制蜂窩性組織炎方面,為日後手術策略的選擇提供了有力的依據。 Plast Reconstr Surg. 2019 May 10. [Epub ahead of print] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31188305 40. Factors associated with professional healthcare advice seeking in breast cancer-related lymphedema. Lin CY, Cheng MH et al. J Surg Oncol. 2020 Jan;121(1):67-74. doi: 10.1002/jso.25523. Epub 2019 Jun 18. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31209885 這篇 2019 年發表於《Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery》的研究,針對早期肢體淋巴水腫,直接比較了 邊對端 (side-to-end, STE) 與 端對端 (end-to-end, ETE) 淋巴靜脈吻合術的臨床成果。研究共納入 58 位病人,其中 23 位接受 ETE,35 位接受 STE,所有患者皆在術前經螢光綠淋巴攝影確認有功能性的淋巴管。手術均由同一位資深外科醫師於高倍率顯微鏡下完成,平均追蹤時間超過 16 個月。 結果顯示,兩種吻合方式都能有效改善早期淋巴水腫,但 STE 的表現更佳。在肢體圍度減少方面,STE 組平均改善 3.2%,明顯優於 ETE 組的 2.2%。蜂窩性組織炎的發作次數在術後兩組皆大幅下降,從每年平均 1.7 次降至 0.7 次,但 STE 組的改善幅度更為明顯,尤其在上肢與下肢患者中皆有較佳的臨床效果。所有患者在手術後都能恢復日常生活,並且不再依賴壓力衣。 機制方面,研究指出 STE 的優勢在於 保留了淋巴管的連續性。這種吻合方式可以同時引流近端與遠端的淋巴液,維持淋巴管的收縮與功能;相對而言,ETE 需要切斷淋巴管,只能處理遠端的淋巴回流,因此功能上較受限制。 這項研究證實了淋巴靜脈吻合術對早期淋巴水腫確實有效,而邊對端吻合術在臨床效果上更具優勢,特別是在減少肢體腫脹與控制蜂窩性組織炎方面,為日後手術策略的選擇提供了有力的依據。 Plast Reconstr Surg. 2019 May 10. [Epub ahead of print] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31188305 41. Lymphoscintigraphy for the Diagnosis of Extremity Lymphedema: Current Controversies Regarding Protocol, Interpretation and Clinical Application. Pappalardo M, Cheng MH. J Surg Oncol. 2020 Jan;121(1):37-47. doi: 10.1002/jso.25526. Epub 2019 Jun 18. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31209893 這篇 2019 年發表於《Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery》的研究,針對早期肢體淋巴水腫,直接比較了 邊對端 (side-to-end, STE) 與 端對端 (end-to-end, ETE) 淋巴靜脈吻合術的臨床成果。研究共納入 58 位病人,其中 23 位接受 ETE,35 位接受 STE,所有患者皆在術前經螢光綠淋巴攝影確認有功能性的淋巴管。手術均由同一位資深外科醫師於高倍率顯微鏡下完成,平均追蹤時間超過 16 個月。 結果顯示,兩種吻合方式都能有效改善早期淋巴水腫,但 STE 的表現更佳。在肢體圍度減少方面,STE 組平均改善 3.2%,明顯優於 ETE 組的 2.2%。蜂窩性組織炎的發作次數在術後兩組皆大幅下降,從每年平均 1.7 次降至 0.7 次,但 STE 組的改善幅度更為明顯,尤其在上肢與下肢患者中皆有較佳的臨床效果。所有患者在手術後都能恢復日常生活,並且不再依賴壓力衣。 機制方面,研究指出 STE 的優勢在於 保留了淋巴管的連續性。這種吻合方式可以同時引流近端與遠端的淋巴液,維持淋巴管的收縮與功能;相對而言,ETE 需要切斷淋巴管,只能處理遠端的淋巴回流,因此功能上較受限制。 這項研究證實了淋巴靜脈吻合術對早期淋巴水腫確實有效,而邊對端吻合術在臨床效果上更具優勢,特別是在減少肢體腫脹與控制蜂窩性組織炎方面,為日後手術策略的選擇提供了有力的依據。 Plast Reconstr Surg. 2019 May 10. [Epub ahead of print] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31188305 42. Intra-abdominal Chylovenous Bypass Treats Retroperitoneal Lymphangiomatosis. Chen C, Cheng MH et al. 這篇發表於《Journal of Surgical Oncology》的研究,探討 後腹膜淋巴管增生症(retroperitoneal lymphangiomatosis, RL) 伴隨淋巴水腫與腹水的治療策略。RL 屬於罕見的先天性淋巴異常,因後腹膜淋巴管異常增生導致乳糜性腹水(chylous ascites),病人常出現下肢淋巴水腫、營養不良、體重上升、免疫力下降,容易反覆感染甚至敗血症。診斷上需結合淋巴攝影、磁振造影(MRI)、單光子電腦斷層(SPECT)等影像學檢查。 研究回顧 2012 至 2018 年間 44 例原發性下肢淋巴水腫患者,其中 6 位被診斷為 RL(盛行率約 13.6%)。這些病人接受了 血管化淋巴結移植(VLNT) 治療下肢淋巴水腫,並針對乳糜性腹水進行 腹腔內邊對端乳糜靜脈繞道手術(chylovenous bypass, CVB)。手術方式是由一般外科進行腹部探查,找到乳糜外漏源頭,再由顯微外科將病灶處的淋巴流引流到卵巢靜脈或內髂靜脈。這項技術的挑戰性極高,需要跨科團隊合作。 臨床結果顯示,所有 6 位病人的 CVB 均保持通暢(其中 1 人需再吻合一次),乳糜性腹水完全解決,病人能恢復正常飲食與活動。手術後,下肢肢圍平均改善 4.2 公分(p=0.043),蜂窩性組織炎發作次數由每年 1.9 次顯著降至 0.1 次(p=0.04),生活品質評分從 3.4 提升到 5.7(p=0.023)。營養狀態(白蛋白)與體重則有輕度改善,但未達顯著差異。大多數病人在半年內可停止穿著壓力衣。 這項研究證實腹腔內邊對端乳糜靜脈繞道結合淋巴結移植,能有效處理 RL 所造成的乳糜性腹水與下肢淋巴水腫,顯著減少感染、改善肢體腫脹並提升生活品質。對於嚴重或先天性淋巴水腫合併腹水的病人,這項手術提供了一條可行且具生理性的治療途徑。J Surg Oncol. 2020 Jan;121(1):75-84. doi: 10.1002/jso.25514. Epub 2019 Jul 4. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31273800 43. Lymphedema Microsurgery Reduces the Rate of Implant Removal for Patients Who Have Pre-existing Lymphedema and Total Knee Arthroplasty for Knee Osteoarthritis. Voravitvet TY, Cheng MH et al. J Surg Oncol. 2020 Jan;121(1):57-66. doi: 10.1002/jso.25517. Epub 2019 Jun 13. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31197837 44. Clinical Features, Microbiological Epidemiology and Recommendations of Management for Cellulitis in Extremity Lymphedema. Rodriguez JR, Cheng MH et al. J Surg Oncol. 2020 Jan;121(1):25-36. doi: 10.1002/jso.25525. Epub 2019 Jul 2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31264724 45. Delayed Primary Retention Suture: A new technique to inset Vascularized Submental Lymph Node Transfer. Koide S, Cheng MH et al. J Surg Oncol. 2020 Jan;121(1):138-143. doi: 10.1002/jso.25520. Epub 2019 Jul 5. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31276208 46. Long-Term Outcome of Lower Extremity Lymphedema Treated with Vascularized Lymph Node Flaps with Venous Complications. Koide S, Cheng MH et al. J Surg Oncol. 2020 Jan;121(1):129-137. doi: 10.1002/jso.25602. Epub 2019 Jun 27. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31246288 47. Summary of hands-on supermicrosurgery course and live surgeries at 8th world symposium for lymphedema surgery. Pappalardo M, Cheng MH et al. J Surg Oncol. 2020 Jan;121(1):8-19. doi: 10.1002/jso.25619. Epub 2019 Jul 16. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31309553 48. Introduction of the 8th World Symposium for Lymphedema Surgery. Cheng MH, Chang DW, Masia J, Koshima I. J Surg Oncol. 2020 Jan;121(1):7. doi: 10.1002/jso.25620. Epub 2019 Jul 9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31290156 49. Impacts of Arterial Ischemia or Venous Occ.usion on Vascularized Groin Lymph Nodes in a Rat Model. Tinhofer I. E., Yang CY, Chen C, Cheng MH. J Surg Oncol. 2020 Jan;121(1):153-162. doi: 10.1002/jso.25518. Epub 2019 May 31. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31152457 50. Volumetric Differences in the Superficial and Deep Compartments of Patients with Secondary Unilateral Lower Limb Lymphedema. Chu SY, Cheng MH et al. Plast Reconstr Surg. (paper in press) 51. Efficacy validation of a lymphatic drainage device for lymphedema drainage in a rat model. Cheng MH, Yang CY, Tee R, Hong YT, Lu CC. J Surg Oncol. 2019 Dec;120(7):1162-1168. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Efficacy+validation+of+a+lymphatic+drainage+device+for+lymphedema+drainage+in+a+rat+model 52. Institutionalization of Reconstructive Lymphedema Surgery in Austria - Single Center Experience. Tzou CHJ, Cheng MH et al. J Surg Oncol. 2020 Jan; 121(1):91-99. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Institutionalization+of+Reconstructive+Lymphedema+Surgery+in+Austria+%E2%80%93+Single+Center+Experience 53. Comparisons of Manual Tape Measurement and Morphomics Measurement of Patients with Upper Extremity Lymphedema. Horbal SR, Chu SY, Cheng MH* et al. Plast Reconstr Surg Global Open. 2019 Oct 29;7(10): e2431 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ ? 54. Characterization of limb lymphedema using the statistical analysis of ultrasound backscattering. Lee YL, Cheng MH et al. Quant Imaging Med Surg. 2020;10(1):48-56. 55. Simultaneous Ipsilateral Vascularized Lymph Node Transplantation and Contralateral Lymphovenous Anastomosis in Bilateral Different-Severities Extremity Lymphedema. Cheng MH*, Tee R, Chen C, Lin CY, Pappalardo M. Ann Surg Oncol. 2020 Jun 18. doi: 10.1245 56. ASO Author Reflection: Simultaneous Ipsilateral Vascularized Lymph Node Transplantation and Contralateral Lymphovenous Anastomosis in Bilateral Different-Severities Extremity Lymphedema. Horbal SR, Chu SY, Cheng MH* et al. Ann Surg Oncol. 2020 Jul 10. 57. Lymphedema microsurgery improved outcomes of pediatric primary extremity lymphedema. Cheng MH*, Liu TTF. Microsurgery, 2020 Jul 11. 58. Chylovenous bypass for mesenteric lymphangiomatosis: A case report. Chen C,Cheng MH*. J Surg Oncol. 2020 Jul 15. 59. Staging and clinical correlations of lymphoscintigraphy for unilateral gynecological cancerrelated lymphedema. Pappalardo M, Lin C, Ho OA, Kuo CF, Lin CY, Cheng MH". J Surg Oncol. 2020 Mar;121(3):422-434. 60. Morbidity of Marginal Mandibular Nerve Post Vascularized Submental Lymph Node Flap Transplantation. Chang Tommy NJ, Lee CH, Lin Jennifer AJ, Cheng MH*. J Surg Oncol. 2020 Dec;122(8):1747-1754 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32869304/ 61. Simultaneous Ipsilateral Vascularized Lymph Node Transplantation and Contralateral Lymphovenous Anastomosis in Bilateral Different-Severities Extremity Lymphedema. Cheng MH*, Tee R, Chen C, Lin CY, Pappalardo M. Ann Surg Oncol. 2020 Jun 18. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32556869/ 62. ASO Author Reflections: Simultaneous Ipsilateral Vascularized Lymph Node Transplantation and Contralateral Lymphovenous Anastomosis in Bilateral Different-Severities Extremity Lymphedema. Cheng MH*. Ann Surg Oncol. 2020 Dec;27(13):5277-5278. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32651692/ 63. Response to letter to the editor: Evidence of Lymph Flow Amelioration on Indocyanine Green Lymphography after Vascularized Lymph Node Transfer. Cheng MH". Ann Surg Oncol. 2021 Jun;123(7):1641. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33825195/ 64. Retrograde Manual Lymphatic Drainage following Vascularized Lymph Node Transfer to Distal Recipient Sites for Extremity Lymphedema: A Retrospective Study and Literature Review. Roka-Palkovits J, Lin CY, Tzou CH J, Tinhofer, Cheng MH*. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2021 Sep 1;148(3):425e-436e. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34432699/ 65. Immediate Lymphovenous Bypass Treated Donor Site Lymphedema during Phalloplasty for Gender Dysphoria. Lin W, Safa B, Chen M, Cheng MH*. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2021 Sep 17;9(9):e3822. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34549009/ 66. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia and thrombosis in primary lymphedema patients who underwent vascularized lymph node transplantations. Hsu SY, Lin CY, Cheng MH*. J Surg Oncol. 2022 Feb 2. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35107827 Book: Principles and Practice of Lymphedema Surgery. Cheng MH, Chang DW, Patel KM (Editors). Elsevier Inc, Oxford, United Kingdom. ISBN: 978-0-323-29897-1. July 2015. Principles and Practice of Lymphedema Surgery 2nd Edition - January 7, 2021 Ming-Huei Cheng, David Chang, Ketan Patel. Paperback ISBN: 9780323694186 Book chapters: 16 1. Cheng MH, Nguyen DH, Huang JJ. Chapter 77: Vascularized Groin Lymph Node Flap for Treatment of Lymphedema. In: Perforator Flaps: Anatomy, Technique, & Clinical Applications. 2nd Edition. Blondeel PN, Morris SF, Hallock GG, and Neligan PC (Editors). Quality Medical Publishing, Inc. St. Louis, Missouri. 2013:1317-1328. 2. Cheng MH, Nguyen DH. Chapter 54: Lymph Node Transfer for Lymphedema. In: Operative Microsurgery. Boyd JB and Jones NF (Editors). McGraw-Hill, New York. 2015:672-682. 3. Tobbia D, Cheng MH. Vascularized Groin Lymph Node Flap Transfer for Post mastectomy Upper Limb Lymphedema. In Grabb's Encyclopedia of Flaps, 4th edition. Strauch B, Vasconez LO, Lee BT, and Herman CK (Editors). Wolters Kluwer, Philadelphia, PA, USA. 2015. 4. Tzou CHJ, Cheng MH. Transfer of lymph node tissue - my approach. In Oncoplastic and Reconstructive Management of the Breast: A Multidisciplinary Approach. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 2015. 5. Cheng MH, Chang DW, Patel KM. Chapter 1: An introduction to principles and practice of lymphedema surgery. In Principles and Practice of Lymphedema Surgery. Cheng MH, Chang DW, Patel KM (Editors). Elsevier Inc, Oxford, United Kingdom. 2015 6. Nguyen DH, Cheng MH. Chapter 5: Laboratory study of lymphoma. In Principles and Practice of Lymphedema Surgery. Cheng MH, Chang DW, Patel KM (Editors). Elsevier Inc, Oxford, United Kingdom. 2015
- About Dr. Chang | 安德森整形外科診所
韓式美學專家 張豫苓 主任醫師,醫學美容專長:韓式眼袋、打勾手術、鼻整形手術、內視鏡拉皮手術、輪廓埋線拉提手術、抽脂雕塑、微整型針劑注射 “韓式美學專家” 張豫苓 主任醫師 |醫學美容專長| 韓式眼袋打勾手術 鼻整形手術 內視鏡拉皮手術 輪廓埋線拉提手 術 抽脂雕塑 微整型針劑注射 |學經歷 | 現任台北市醫美診所院長 韓國首爾整形醫院 國際認證醫師 韓國韓國KCCS國際美容手術醫師 韓國PASCAL國際美容手術醫師 韓國-台灣亞太國際演講受邀演講醫師 韓國ID&NaNa醫美整形集團臨床交流 韓國Lydian 整形醫院國際認證交流 韓國Jeunex 整形醫院國際認證交流 韓國Shimmian 鼻整形醫院國際認證交流 韓國首爾國際眼袋手術臨床研究交流 韓國首爾國際眼周抗衰老手術臨床研究交流 韓國首爾國際鼻整形臨床手術研究交流 韓國首爾抽脂臨床手術研究交流 韓國首爾音波抽脂雕塑國際認證醫師 韓國首爾內視鏡拉皮臨床手術研究交流 韓國世界醫學美容會議研習進修 泰國曼谷國際整形手術臨床經驗交流 美國哈佛大學麻州總醫院臨床手術研究交流 德國慕尼黑抗衰老醫學研究中心醫美整形交流 台灣顏面整形重建外科醫師 台灣亞太美容外科醫學會醫師 台北整形外科診所整形手術醫師 前台北臺大醫院醫學中心醫師 高雄醫學大學醫學系畢業 美麗見證:韓式眼袋打勾手術 受邀參與亞洲國際醫美研討會 2024 泰國曼谷 張豫苓醫師 國際認證 張豫苓醫師 Play Video Play Video 03:01 你要的隆鼻問題都在這 Play Video Play Video 02:54 眼袋手術重點問
- Facilities | 安德森整形外科診所
安心、安全、隱密 每間病房皆有獨立衛浴、冰箱、電視、舒適的陪病床...等,且與診間、大廳區隔,機能方便,隱私性高,24小時都有護理人員,住院更安心 安心、安全、隱密 每間病房皆有獨立衛浴、冰箱、電視、舒適的陪病床...等,且與診間、大廳區隔,機能方便,隱私性高, 24小時都有護理人員,住院更安心
- Delayed Reconstruction | 安德森整形外科診所
Primary Lymphedema 淋巴管靜脈吻合術:安德森的專業技術, 您的安心選擇及案例分享 Delayed Reconstruction Say Goodbye to Compression Garments after Dr. Cheng's Lymphedema Microsurgery Treatment Instructions Delayed breast reconstruction refers to a situation where breast cancer patients do not choose to undergo breast reconstruction at the time of mastectomy, or they miss the opportunity for immediate reconstruction due to a lack of information. Some patients may temporarily decline reconstruction surgery due to fear of cancer, concerns about the success rate of the surgery, or other reasons. After completing breast cancer treatment, including chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy, they undergo breast reconstruction at a later time. This second surgery is known as delayed breast reconstruction. Regain beauty and confidence. DIEP Flap (1) DIEP Flap (2) Anderson, Your safe choice Medical Center Specifications and Equipment The operating room is equipped with Mitaka microscopes, of which there are only four in Taiwan. They have a resolution of up to 16 million pixels and can magnify 42 times optically. They are very suitable for the anastomosis of lymphatic vessels and veins of 0.5 mm and are often used in lymphatic venous anastomosis, such as preoperative evaluation and intraoperative evaluation of the permeability of sutures, making the operation more stable and safe. Is delayed reconstruction more difficult? Delayed breast reconstruction is slightly more challenging compared to immediate breast reconstruction. Factors such as insufficient skin, scar tissue from previous surgery, and underarm depressions after lymph node clearance are additional considerations. First, during a total mastectomy, if immediate reconstruction is not planned, the breast surgeon will remove excess skin and close the wound with a straight line. Therefore, in autologous tissue breast reconstruction, not only is fat from areas like the abdomen, back, buttocks, or thighs important, but the skin covering the area is also crucial. If the patient opts for implant reconstruction or desires scar placement similar to immediate reconstruction (limited to a smaller area), an additional step is required: inserting a tissue expander to stretch the skin. The second challenge is the scar tissue adhesions or fibrosis within the entire chest area. During the reconstruction surgery, the surgeon must carefully release these scars to create a well-shaped breast. The third issue is the noticeable depression in the underarm, caused by the removal of most lymph nodes. If this depression can be filled during reconstruction, the result will be much more satisfying, particularly improving clothing options and comfort, especially in summer. Another technical challenge arises with free flap breast reconstruction. The surgeon must find a healthy set of blood vessels in the chest to supply blood to the flap. In delayed reconstruction, the thoracodorsal artery may sometimes be unusable due to damage from the first surgery or because severe scarring makes dissection difficult. However, this issue is not the most difficult for experienced surgeons. Most skilled and up-to-date surgeons now use the internal mammary vessels for anastomosis. Although the internal mammary technique is more complex than using the thoracodorsal artery and less experienced surgeons may be hesitant to use it, it yields better results. The fat in the flap survives well due to the abundant blood supply. While delayed reconstruction presents certain challenges, these can be overcome by experienced surgeons. Delayed breast reconstruction can still achieve a natural and beautiful result, making it a highly recommended procedure. Breast cancer survival rates have significantly improved, and we sincerely believe that patients should not have to endure ongoing inconvenience or lifelong feelings of loss and regret due to the absence of a breast. When can delayed reconstruction be done? According to research from the world’s leading cancer hospitals, it is now widely accepted that breast reconstruction can be performed at the same time as mastectomy without increasing the risk of breast cancer recurrence or interfering with the detection of any potential recurrence. As a result, this is not just a trend but the reason why every breast cancer patient, once diagnosed, is immediately referred to a plastic surgeon to discuss reconstruction options. Therefore, the best time for breast reconstruction is whenever the patient expresses a desire to undergo the procedure. In the past, doctors used to advise patients not to undergo reconstruction within two years of a mastectomy, as most breast cancer recurrences happen within this period. However, in recent years, this restriction has been lifted. In Taiwan, particularly at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, the recurrence rate is 4-5%, while in the U.S. it is 2-3%. Considering the 4-5% recurrence rate versus the 95% of patients whose quality of life and psychological well-being can be improved, such advice now seems unreasonable and unfair. Helping patients feel truly free from breast cancer as soon as possible is the greatest mission and source of fulfillment for reconstructive surgeons. The current consensus is that if chemotherapy or radiation therapy is required after mastectomy, breast reconstruction can be done once these treatments are completed. It is generally recommended to wait about one month after chemotherapy and 3 to 6 months after radiation therapy before proceeding with breast reconstruction surgery. What methods can be used for delayed breast reconstruction? The first method we need to mention is using implants, which can be saline or silicone gel implants. As previously mentioned, in delayed breast reconstruction, there is typically insufficient skin on the chest. Therefore, if implants are used for reconstruction, a tissue expander will be needed as a transitional phase. As the name suggests, a tissue expander is used to stretch the skin or tissue. It requires an initial surgery to place the expander under the skin. Typically, the skin is expanded to be slightly larger than the other breast. After about three months, once the skin has stabilized, a second surgery is performed to remove the expander and replace it with a permanent implant. The second method involves using local autologous tissue or performing breast reconstruction surgery with a free flap. The most suitable methods for breast reconstruction after radiation therapy. If a patient has received radiation therapy, it is not recommended to use only tissue expanders and implants for reconstruction. This is because radiation therapy can cause fibrosis of the skin on the chest, which not only increases the risk of capsular contracture leading to a poor aesthetic outcome but also makes the skin more susceptible to poor wound healing and exposure of the implant. If autologous tissue is insufficient and the patient must choose implant reconstruction, it is recommended that the patient select a latissimus dorsi flap combined with an implant for reconstruction to achieve a result that is both aesthetically pleasing and safe. Transitional period before breast reconstruction: How to buy and choose a breast prosthesis bra? After undergoing a mastectomy, especially for patients who will have delayed breast reconstruction, there will be a period when they cannot wear regular bras. To consider physical balance and appearance when dressing, it is likely necessary to wear a specially designed prosthesis bra. Since a prosthesis is an "external object," even though current technology has improved its quality, it still tends to be heavy and may not fit snugly against the body, making it difficult to balance the weight on one side. Therefore, this is not a long-term solution, and it is advisable for patients to discuss the timing of breast reconstruction with their doctor to address the fundamental issue. The options for purchasing a prosthesis bra are not widespread, as they are produced by specialized manufacturers, some of which offer custom-fitting prosthesis pads and replacement services. Patients can seek professional information and recommendations on selection from their breast surgeon or plastic reconstructive surgeon and nurses. Considerations for Choosing Styles: Style Selection: Avoid styles that may rub against the surgical wounds (e.g., if lymph node clearance was performed under the arm, the opening in the bra under the arm should be slightly lower). Deep Pocket for Padding: The inner pocket for the prosthesis should be deep enough to prevent the padding from sliding out during movement. Wide Shoulder Straps and Supportive Band: This design can help reduce the burden on the shoulders. Higher Coverage at the Front: This helps prevent the prosthesis from slipping out and becoming exposed. Back Closure Design: Avoid frequent friction and pressure on the scar, which can cause pain and tissue hypertrophy. Good Fabric Elasticity: The material should be stretchy enough to conform to the body’s curves. Contact Dr. Cheng For A Consultation If you have Breast Cancer Related Lymphedema and would like to know more about the most advanced treatments, contact Dr. Cheng. Internationally recognized as a leading lymphedema specialist, Dr. Cheng can discuss treatment options, based on your individual case. Dr. Cheng is a member of the American Society of Reconstructive Microsurgery and has performed numerous VLN surgeries on breast cancer survivors and other lymphedema patients. Learn more
- Make an Appointment | 安德森整形外科診所
為維護良好的醫療品質與看診舒適,本院採預約制,您可先以電話、電子郵件、LINE或填寫線上表單等方式預約,我們會盡快與您聯繫! Let's Connect How to Make an Appointment? To ensure high-quality medical care and a comfortable consultation experience, our clinic operates on an appointment-only basis. You can schedule an appointment via phone, email, LINE, or by filling out the online form. We will contact you as soon as possible! Business Hours: Monday to Friday, 8:00 AM to 6:00 PM. Closed on weekends. Notice Please download and complete the Client Information Form from our website. The information you provide will allow the A+ Surgery Clinic to select the most suitable team of specialists to assist you with your medical or personal needs. On the form, please clearly specify your preferred appointment dates as well as any special requests or personal needs that you may have. We will try our best to make you feel as close to home as possible. Please provide all detailed medical reports at least from the past 3 months, including lab or pathology reports and imaging files (X-rays, CT, MRI, Ultrasounds, Lymphoscintigraphy, etc.). If you have medical information, please provide it. Please send (1) and (2)to A+ surgery clinic at aplussurgery@gmail.com and Miffy Lin. Within two business days, A+ surgery clinic or Miffy Lin will contact you by email with further appointment details or medical questions once we receive and review your application form. Any information you provide will be kept strictly confidential under the Medical and Personal Data Protection Laws in Taiwan. Treatment Plan After gaining understanding of your medical background, our medical team will draft and present to you a treatment schedule specifically tailored to your personal needs. At the same time, a detailed statement describing the treatment process and estimated costs will be sent to you by email. Appointment Confirmation Once you have confirmed and accepted Dr. Cheng’s treatment plan, your medical coordinator will proceed to set up, double check, and confirm your previously made appointment date, as well as make the necessary travel visa preparations, airport pickup, and hotel accommodations for you, to make your stay with us carefree. Address 3rd Floor, No. 337, Fuxing North Road, Songshan District, Taipei City (MRT Zhongshan Junior High School Station) Map Phone (+886) 02-2712-3373 Phone (+886) 0966-523-737 Phone Email aplussurgery@gmail.com Social Media LINE Name Gender * Male Female Other Email Region * Taiwan Others Phone Convenient contact time 選擇一個時段 Remark Send Appointment successful !
- Patient Rights | 安德森整形外科診所
Patient Rights Say Goodbye to Compression Garments after Dr. Cheng's Lymphedema Microsurgery General Consent form A+ Surgery Clinic Patient’s rights and cooperation The cooperation between the patient and the medical team is an important factor for a successful treatment. The patient’s understanding towards patient’s rights and obligations is necessary for a mutual communication in order to promote cooperation and trust. During the patient’s visit to our hospital, we ensure that the following 10 patient’s rights are maintained. Please feel free to provide us with feedback if our services do not meet your expectations, in order for us to improve. It is necessary for the patient and family to provide us with relevant disease information so we can provide you with accurate diagnosis and the most suitable treatment while maximizing the use of limited medical resources to protect our medical environment and the health of everyone. We look forward to building a healthy and harmonious medical environment for all of our patients. Please feel free to approach any of our medical personnel if you have any further inquiries or suggestions about patient’s rights, and it will be our pleasure to assist you in every possible way. Patient’s Rights 【Treatment equality】The patient is entitled to receive treatment regardless of race, religion, nationality, gender, age, disease, sexual preference, location, or social status. 【Healthcare safety】The patient has the right to receive healthcare in a safe medical environment. 【Information and explanation】The patient and primary care provider are entitled to inquire about physician’s or other medical personnel’s names and disease information. 【Informed consent】【Right to refuse】【Alternatives】The patient and the primary family caregiver have the right to participate in the discussion and inquiry of the healthcare process and to decide in the treatment plan, including the rights to refuse treatment and to seek a second opinion. 【Continuous healthcare】The patient has the right to request for pain management, disease management, medication, diet and daily living education, and information and medical services relative to home care services after discharge. 【Palliative Care】According to the hospice and palliative laws and regulations, the patient and the family have the right to decide or alter the decision of “do not resuscitate,” and to renounce the use of life support during cardiac arrest at the risk of termination of life. 【Patient’s privacy】We respect and uphold the patient’s privacy. Disease information and records will be kept confidential. 【Information providing】According to the law, the patient has the right to request for copies of his/her medical record, certificate of diagnosis, and invoice of medical expenses. 【Complain Service】The patient has the right to complain or make suggestions to the hospital, and we will respond accordingly. 【Professional Service】All medical personnel must wear identification cards. The patient can refuse to accept medical service if the medical personnel does not wear an identification card. Patient cooperation To ensure patient safety, the patient and family should provide information such as health condition, medical history, drug history, allergy history, travelling history, contagious disease at present, etc. The patient and family should participate in the discussion of treatment plans and come to a conclusion after understanding the consequences of all possible treatments. All doubts should be clarified with the medical personnel in charge prior to the signing of the consent form. The patient and family should cooperate with physicians in terms of treatment, discharge, or transferal. Please respect our medical resources and the medical facilities of the hospital. Please comply to the hospital’s policies and operating procedures. Never request medical personnel to provide false information or certificate of diagnosis. Please obey the hospital’s curfew and infection policy. Please do not smoke or chew betel nuts in the hospital to prevent affecting the rights of other patients. Please pay the remaining balance after subsidy accordingly. Please approach our social workers or medical personnel in charge if you have any difficulty paying the balance. We provide storage services for the patient and family to secure their personal belongings. We are not responsible for damage or loss of property. Please keep your valuables with you at all times.
- Visiting Professorships | 安德森整形外科診所
Visiting Professorships Say Goodbye to Compression Garments after Dr. Cheng's Lymphedema Microsurgery Godina Traveling Professor, Aesthetic & Plastic Surgery Institute University of California, Irvine, Orange, California, June 10, 2006. 2006 Godina Traveling Fellow and Flap Course Faculty, Duke University. Visiting Professor, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, Nort Carolina, August 4, 2006. Visiting Lecturer, M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Department of Plastic Surgery, Houston, Texas, November 13-15, 2006. Visiting Professor in Plastic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, November 16-19, 2006. Visiting Professor in Plastic Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, November 20-22, 2006. Visiting Professor in Institute of Reconstructive Plastic Surgery, New York University Lang one Medical Center, New York, October 25-29, 2008. Visiting Professor in Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, October 29-31, 2008. Visiting Professor in Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer, Houston, Texas, July 13-14, 2009 Visiting Professor in Division of Plastic Surgery, University of South California, Los Angeles, California, July 16-17, 2009. Visiting Professor in Division of Plastic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Phoenix, Arizona, October 27-29, 2009. Visiting Professor in Division of Plastic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, July 17-21,2010. Visiting Professor in Division of Plastic Surgery, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore, July 13-17, 2011. Visiting Professor in Division of Plastic Surgery, the Ohio State University, July 10-14, 2012. Visiting Professor in Department of Plastic Surgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, February 5, 2014. Visiting Professor in Department of Plastic Surgery, Brussels University Hospital, March 2-4, 2014. Visiting Professor in Department of Plastic Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, October 7-8, 2014. Visiting Professor in Department of Plastic Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan, March 26, 2015. Visiting Professor in Department of Plastic Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, March 27, 2015. Visiting Professor in Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan, September 22-25, 2015. Visiting Professor in Department of Plastic Surgery, the Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, January 14 - 15. 2016 Visiting Professor in Department of Plastic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, February 22, 2016. ASRM William A. Zamboni Visiting Professor in Department of Plastic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, May 16-17, 2016. ASRM William A. Zamboni Visiting Professor in Department of Plastic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine & Biological Sciences,Chicago, September 18-19, 2016. ASRM William A. Zamboni Visiting Professor in Department of Plastic Surgery, University of California, Irvine, November 7-8, 2016. Visiting Professor in Department of Plastic Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, August 21, 2017. Visiting Professor in Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan, Detroit, August 28 to 30, 2017. Visiting Professor in Department of Plastic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, November 3 to 4,2017. International Visiting Professor in Plastics Division, Stanford University, February 16-21, 2018. Visiting Professor in Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan, Detroit, July 29 to August 1, 2018. Visiting Professor in the Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, August 8 to 10, 2019. Buncke Clinic Virtual Visiting Professor, Webinar, May 9, 2020. Visiting Professor in the Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, May 2 to 6, 2022.
- Gallery | 安德森整形外科診所
GALLERY The World Symposium for Lymphedema Surgery 2013 2016 2019

