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粉紅色布藝花朵

先天性乳房缺損-波蘭氏症候群

找回自信、健康與美麗!

在1841年,Alfred Poland 首先發現沒有胸大肌的病人,後來稱之為波蘭氏症候群,此症候群包括部分胸大肌缺損或發育不全,同側併指骨,併指畸形,乳房發育不全。病人從症狀很輕到很嚴重都有,甚至會影響到前鋸肌、闊背肌等肌肉,及肋骨扁平或部分肋骨缺損,有時會併發雞胸、漏斗胸、脊柱側彎。

國外波蘭氏症候群的發生率報告指出約一萬至十萬個出生嬰兒中有一個,右側是左側發生率的二倍,男性與女性發生機會相同,但女性病患較多向整形外科醫師尋求乳房重建。波蘭氏症候群的發生原因尚無定論,有人說是血管不正常或外傷引起,也有是遺傳引起的說法。

大部分的此類病人不會有太大功能障礙,手的畸形也是輕微的症狀。診斷包括病史,特別是產前的病史,理學檢查,包括胸部、肩部、手部,作血清免疫檢查以排其他疾病的可能,若有胸肋骨發育不全,應作胸部電腦斷層。最早的乳房治療方法是植入義乳 (implant),但是不管是矽膠或生理食鹽水袋,其效果並不好,因為胸大肌的缺損常會造成球狀攣縮 ( capsular contracture ),皮膚太緊乳房形狀也不好看。

第二個方法是植入組織擴張器 (tissue expander ),經過二至三個月的注射生理食鹽水,將組織擴張器撐大,皮膚撐鬆乳房撐出空間,然後再更換成永久性的義乳,此方法也有發生莢膜攣縮的機會,乳房形狀較自然。

第三個方法是用局部皮瓣轉移,可以用闊背肌皮瓣來轉移。闊背肌在此類病人有時也會發育不全,而且其脂肪量有時不夠,會需要加一個義乳才夠,闊背肌肌肉觸感較硬。

第四個方法是使用自體脂肪轉移,利用腹部脂肪 (DIEP flap )連帶著供應營養的血管轉移的優點,而且較不會痛不犧牲橫腹直肌,手術成功後,乳房永久自然柔軟,病人滿意度是最高的。

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安德森整形外科

Dr. Cheng, a world authority in micro-reconstructive plastic surgery and lymphedema treatment, provides surgical services such as lymphedema treatment, breast reconstruction, breast augmentation, double eyelids, eye bags, liposuction, wrinkle removal and lift.

 

The cases in this article have been published with the consent of the parties involved, and have signed a public authorization letter. The pre- and post-operative case photos in this article are only used as an introduction to surgical medical information. The treatment effect will vary depending on individual constitution and post-operative care.
Anderson Plastic Surgery Clinic reminds you that any surgery or medical treatment has potential risks and is not suitable for everyone. The content of this article is for reference only. The actual decision must be made by the doctor in person after evaluation and communication with you.

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